{"id":148,"date":"2013-05-29T20:48:43","date_gmt":"2013-05-29T20:48:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/?page_id=148"},"modified":"2016-10-20T20:10:46","modified_gmt":"2016-10-20T20:10:46","slug":"formy-nasilia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/o-nasili-2\/formy-nasilia\/","title":{"rendered":"Formy n\u00e1silia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">N\u00e1silie na \u017een\u00e1ch a de\u0165och sa vyskytuje vo form\u00e1ch fyzick\u00e9ho, psychick\u00e9ho, sexu\u00e1lneho a ekonomick\u00e9ho n\u00e1silia. Preva\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina p\u00e1chate\u013eov s\u00fa mu\u017ei. Vysvetlenie tohto fenom\u00e9nu spo\u010d\u00edva v dlhotrvaj\u00facej nerovnosti v mocensk\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch medzi \u017eenami a mu\u017emi v na\u0161ej spolo\u010dnosti. Na pozad\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00fdch spolo\u010densk\u00fdch a mocensk\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far mus\u00ed by\u0165 n\u00e1silie na \u017een\u00e1ch pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za pokus presadzovania moci a kontroly na individu\u00e1lnej \u00farovni.<\/p>\n<p>Na Slovensku upravuje dom\u00e1ce n\u00e1silie predov\u0161etk\u00fdm paragraf 208 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00fd vymenov\u00e1va, ktor\u00e9 skutky s\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za t\u00fdranie bl\u00edzkej a zverenej osoby.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edmi formami dom\u00e1ceho n\u00e1silia a ich prejavmi s\u00fa:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>fyzick\u00e9 n\u00e1silie \u2013s\u00e1canie, h\u00e1dzanie, fackovanie, kopanie, udieranie, \u0165ahanie vlasov, \u0161krtenie, dusenie, pop\u00e1lenia, bodnutia, ohrozovanie zbra\u0148ami, bitie r\u00f4znymi predmetmi, odopieranie jedla a sp\u00e1nku, a in\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>psychick\u00e9 n\u00e1silie \u2013 klamstv\u00e1, pou\u010dovanie, kritizovanie, obvi\u0148ovanie, ur\u00e1\u017eky a vulg\u00e1rne nad\u00e1vky, obmedzovanie kontaktov, \u017eiarlivos\u0165, poni\u017eovanie, izol\u00e1cia, kontrola, zabra\u0148ovanie n\u00e1js\u0165 si pr\u00e1cu, zastra\u0161ovanie, z\u013eah\u010dovanie, zva\u013eovanie viny, vyhr\u00e1\u017eanie sa \u017eene a ostatn\u00fdm \u010dlenom jej rodiny ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00edm, alebo zabit\u00edm, vyhr\u00e1\u017eanie sa samovra\u017edou a in\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>sexu\u00e1lne n\u00e1silie \u2013 ob\u0165a\u017eovanie, vynucovanie sexu, n\u00fatenie k r\u00f4znym sexu\u00e1lnym praktik\u00e1m, n\u00fatenie k prezeraniu pornografick\u00fdch \u010dasopisov a k sledovaniu pornografick\u00fdch filmov a in\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>ekonomick\u00e9 n\u00e1silie \u2013 neprispievanie financiami na dom\u00e1cnos\u0165, odmietanie podie\u013ea\u0165 sa finan\u010dne na starostlivosti o deti, vym\u00e1hanie pe\u0148az\u00ed, ni\u010denie osobn\u00e9ho majetku, n\u00fatenie k podp\u00edsaniu zml\u00fav o p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dk\u00e1ch a \u00faveroch, odopieranie pr\u00edstupu k spolo\u010dn\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dtu a in\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>N\u00e1sil\u00edm je ka\u017ed\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie mu\u017ea, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom je uplat\u0148ovanie moci alebo kontroly nad \u017eenou a de\u0165mi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie formy n\u00e1silia, ktor\u00e9 sa \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00fa s\u00fa\u010dasne:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fyzick\u00e9 n\u00e1silie<\/strong> zah\u0155\u0148a v\u0161emo\u017en\u00e9 formy brut\u00e1lneho zaobch\u00e1dzania od s\u00e1cania, kopania, bitia, \u0165ahania za vlasy, p\u00e1lenia, bitia predmetmi a\u017e po vra\u017edu. Pod\u013ea v\u0161etk\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed n\u00e1silie sa \u010dasom stup\u0148uje, doch\u00e1dza k nemu \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie a je \u010doraz brut\u00e1lnej\u0161ie.<\/li>\n<li>Ve\u013emi \u010dasto sa s telesn\u00fdm n\u00e1sil\u00edm sp\u00e1ja <strong>ni\u010denie majetku<\/strong>, napr\u00edklad rozb\u00edjanie n\u00e1bytku, ni\u010denie vec\u00ed, na ktor\u00fdch \u017eene zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vyvol\u00e1vanie strachu<\/strong> je \u010fal\u0161\u00edm prostriedkom n\u00e1silia na \u017een\u00e1ch a s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou jeho dynamiky. Strach pred \u010fal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1sil\u00edm sa \u010dasto st\u00e1va najsilnej\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojom \u00fatlaku. Potom u\u017e v\u00f4bec nie je potrebn\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 telesn\u00e9 n\u00e1silie, samotn\u00fd strach pred n\u00edm p\u00f4sob\u00ed zastra\u0161uj\u00faco.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ob\u0165a\u017eovanie a terorizovanie<\/strong> vo forme s\u00fastavn\u00fdch telefon\u00e1tov, no\u010dn\u00fdch telefon\u00e1tov, v\u00fdhra\u017en\u00fdch listov, \u0161pehovania a\u00a0prenasledovania na pracovisku a doma, ako aj slovn\u00fdch vyhr\u00e1\u017eok s\u00fa \u010fal\u0161\u00edm \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm prostriedkom na <strong>kontrolu obete<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Vyskytuje sa v\u0161ak aj <strong>vyhr\u00e1\u017eanie<\/strong> sa zbra\u0148ou a vyhr\u00e1\u017eanie sa tret\u00edm osob\u00e1m (de\u0165om, pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdm), ale aj dom\u00e1cim zvierat\u00e1m. Vyhr\u00e1\u017eky treba bra\u0165 v\u017edy v\u00e1\u017ene,bez oh\u013eadu na to, \u010di sa pou\u017eij\u00fa na verejnosti, alebo v s\u00fakrom\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Psychick\u00e9 n\u00e1silie<\/strong> zah\u0155\u0148a citov\u00e9 a slovn\u00e9 t\u00fdranie; \u017eena ho poci\u0165uje ako ni\u010denie pocitu vlastnej hodnoty a psychick\u00e9ho zdravia. K tejto forme n\u00e1silia patr\u00ed napr\u00edklad zosmie\u0161\u0148ovanie na verejnosti, ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky o\u00a0v\u00fdzore alebo charaktere, oso\u010dovanie a v\u00fdbuchy zlosti. Ve\u013emi \u010dast\u00e9 s\u00fa aj v\u00fdroky, \u017ee sa \u017eena zbl\u00e1znila, je psychicky chor\u00e1, nam\u00fd\u0161\u013ea si, m\u00e1 samovra\u017eedn\u00e9 sklony at\u010f. Mu\u017ei pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa tak\u00e9to tvrdenia aj vtedy, ke\u010f chc\u00fa odvr\u00e1ti\u0165 pozornos\u0165 od vlastn\u00fdch \u010dinov t\u00fdm, \u017ee h\u013eadaj\u00fa \u201eprobl\u00e9m\u201c v \u017eene.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Soci\u00e1lne n\u00e1silie<\/strong> je tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 za cie\u013e \u017eenu izolova\u0165. Patr\u00ed sem napr\u00edklad br\u00e1nenie v styku s rodinou alebo priate\u013ekami a priate\u013emi, uzamknutie v byte, zablokovanie telef\u00f3nu a podobne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ekonomick\u00e9 n\u00e1silie<\/strong> znamen\u00e1 zneu\u017e\u00edvanie moci pri disponovan\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00fdmi prostriedkami. Mu\u017e napr\u00edklad ned\u00e1va na \u017eivobytie finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky, alebo iba nedostato\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo, zatajuje v\u00fd\u0161ku svojich pr\u00edjmov a majetok, ale pritom kontroluje pr\u00edjmy \u017eeny.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sexualizovan\u00e9<\/strong> n\u00e1silie zah\u0155\u0148a v\u0161etky sexu\u00e1lne \u010diny, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u017eene nan\u00faten\u00e9. Sexualizovan\u00e9 n\u00e1silie je aktom agresie a zneu\u017eitia moci, a\u00a0nie v\u00fdsledkom nekontrolovate\u013en\u00fdch sexu\u00e1lnych pudov. Pr\u00edkladmi sexualizovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1silia s\u00fa vyn\u00faten\u00e1 vagin\u00e1lna, or\u00e1lna alebo an\u00e1lna penetr\u00e1cia, n\u00fatenie k in\u00fdm sexu\u00e1lnym aktivit\u00e1m, k\u00a0sledovaniu pornografie at\u010f.<\/li>\n<li>K strat\u00e9gii <strong>uplat\u0148ovania kontroly<\/strong> patria aj prostriedky, ktor\u00e9 sa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead nepova\u017euj\u00fa za s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 n\u00e1silia: ubezpe\u010dovanie o l\u00e1ske po t\u00fdran\u00ed, \u201eudobrovanie\u201c prostredn\u00edctvom sexuality, apely na mor\u00e1lne svedomie \u017eeny a jej matersk\u00fd cit, vyhr\u00e1\u017eanie sa samovra\u017edou, pr\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00e9 pozornosti at\u010f. Tieto strat\u00e9gie medziin\u00fdm zabra\u0148uj\u00fa \u017een\u00e1m, aby si uvedomili z\u00e1va\u017enos\u0165 n\u00e1silia a \u0161kody, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuje, a mohli vyvodi\u0165 d\u00f4sledky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Zdroj:\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/informacie\/publikacie\/\">Kona\u0165 proti n\u00e1siliu na \u017een\u00e1ch<\/a><\/strong>.\u00a0Vydalo Ministerstvo pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1lnych vec\u00ed a rodiny SR v spolupr\u00e1ci s Iniciat\u00edvou Piata \u017eena v roku 2008\u00a0v r\u00e1mci N\u00e1rodnej kampane SR Zastavme dom\u00e1ce n\u00e1silie na \u017een\u00e1ch,\u00a0ktor\u00fa iniciovala Rada Eur\u00f3py.\u00a0Na vydanie pripravili OZ Pro Familia a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aspekt.sk\" target=\"_blank\">ZZ\u017d ASPEKT.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e1silie na \u017een\u00e1ch a de\u0165och sa vyskytuje vo form\u00e1ch fyzick\u00e9ho, psychick\u00e9ho, sexu\u00e1lneho a ekonomick\u00e9ho n\u00e1silia. Preva\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina p\u00e1chate\u013eov s\u00fa mu\u017ei. Vysvetlenie tohto fenom\u00e9nu spo\u010d\u00edva v dlhotrvaj\u00facej nerovnosti v mocensk\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch medzi \u017eenami a mu\u017emi v na\u0161ej spolo\u010dnosti. Na pozad\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00fdch spolo\u010densk\u00fdch a mocensk\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far mus\u00ed by\u0165 n\u00e1silie na \u017een\u00e1ch pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za pokus presadzovania moci a &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link block-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/o-nasili-2\/formy-nasilia\/\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":191,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=148"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":299,"href":"https:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148\/revisions\/299"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gender.gov.sk\/zastavmenasilie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}